Everything about Hypertension
WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?
It is the pressure (force) that the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries as it circulates.
What is the maximum (high) and minimum (low) pressure?
As the heart siphons blood to the arteries, the pressing factor increments and diminishes with every heartbeat. At the point when the heart gets, the pressing factor increments to a greatest point called systolic pressing factor (high) and diminishes when it unwinds to a base called diastolic pressing factor (low). Measure the pressing factor in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
HYPERTENSION
Hypertension is called increased blood pressure (systolic ≥ 140mmHg, diastolic ≥ 85mmHg). It is classified as mild, moderate and severe. It is a condition that mainly affects adults but in some cases it is possible to diagnose hypertension even in young children. According to statistics, one in three adults worldwide suffers from high blood pressure. In Greece, hypertension affects about 20% of the total population.
HOW DOES HYPERTENSION OCCUR?
In 90 to 95% of cases, hypertension is characterized as idiopathic, ie due to:
- hereditary factors
- increased body weight
- sedentary life
- excessive salt intake
- increased stress
- arteriosclerosis
In other cases, hypertension is characterized as secondary, ie due to another condition and occurs due to it. The diseases that are blamed for the manifestation of secondary hypertension are:
- arteriosclerosis
- kidney diseases
- narrowing of the renal arteries
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- thyroid dysfunction
- preeclampsia (during pregnancy)
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF HYPERTENSION?
Hypertension has also been described as an "insidious disease" because it usually causes no symptoms at all. The hypertensive patient may report some symptoms such as:
- nosebleed
- motion sickness
- headache
but apply mainly to patients with severe hypertension.
Other symptoms that may be associated with high blood pressure are:
- the easy fatigue
- the dizziness
- the feeling of pulses
HYPERTENSION: DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS
The visit to the doctor's office includes the clinical examination and the recording of the complete history of the patient, as well as the investigation of other diseases that may exist through laboratory examination.
Laboratory tests include electrolyte measurements and kidney function tests, blood and urine tests as well as imaging tests to determine if it is primary or secondary hypertension. The diagnosis is usually made by measuring blood pressure by the doctor with the patient in a sitting position.
Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure, also known as "high", above 140mmHg and diastolic, or "low" systolic blood pressure above 85mmHg and above. In general, blood pressure is considered ideal when the systolic is 120 mmHg and the diastolic 70mmHg.
HYPERTENSION AND POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Hypertension must be treated because it is extremely harmful to the body. If not regulated, the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as:
- coronary heart disease
- myocardial infarction
- congestive heart failure
In addition, it doubles the risk of:
- ischemic and vascular strokes
- aortic aneurysm
- chronic kidney failure
- retinal damage
- appearance of dementia
HYPERTENSION AND TREATMENT
There is no cure that will permanently relieve the patient from hypertension. He must learn to live with her and follow the doctor's instructions faithfully. If the doctor deems it appropriate, he will recommend medication with antihypertensive tablets.
We have recorded that less than half of hypertensives do the right treatment while many of those who occasionally take medications to reduce their blood pressure are not hypertensive and do not need them. This confusion that prevails in the treatment of hypertension is due in large part to the misinformation surrounding it.
The choice of treatment varies from patient to patient, based on age, comorbidities, the severity of the disease and any allergies that each patient has.
In the case of patients with mild hypertension, no treatment is given but a change in lifestyle and eating habits is recommended.
HYPERTENSION AND PREVENTION
Lifestyle changes can lower high blood pressure as much as an antihypertensive drug. The risk of developing hypertension is much lower when we adopt the following behaviors:
- We follow a balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables
- We maintain a normal body weight
- We exercise at least two or three times a week
- We reduce salt intake
- We quit smoking
- Avoid alcohol abuse
- We limit the consumption of tea and coffee
- Eliminate as much stress as we can
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS BY PATIENTS
When should I take medication for hypertension ?
The doctor will base his decision on the level of blood pressure, whether there are already lesions in the body from hypertension and whether other factors harmful to blood vessels coexist (cardiovascular risk factors)
Will I feel better taking medication?
Usually yes. However, the treatment aims at long-term protection from the distant complications of stress and not for subjective improvement.
Do diuretics damage the kidneys?
Not only do they not damage the kidneys but by reducing the pressure they protect the kidneys from the effects of hypertension.
Is it bad that some drugs reduce the pulse?
On the contrary, it is often desirable because it protects the heart even more. The bradycardia caused by certain drugs is not a side effect but part of their therapeutic action.
If I start treatment with drugs, I will not be able to stop them?
Since there is no definitive cure, but lifelong permanent control of hypertension, the treatment can, however, not be stopped. There is no drug addiction so they can not be stopped.
Do I have to stop taking the medication here and there to rest my body?
Continuous treatment does not pose a risk, on the contrary, insufficient and incomplete treatment reduces the advantage of protection against cardiovascular diseases.
What if I ever forget my medicine?
Nothing serious. But it is good that this does not happen often.
Why is my doctor changing treatment?
The goal of treatment is to achieve a blood pressure target within weeks or even months. So the doctor starts with a small dose of medicine that gradually increases and may need to add a second medicine. If the first drug has no effect then the doctor replaces it with another of a different category. Sometimes a combination pill of two or three drugs can be given.
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